Control And Status Signal:-
S0 and S1:-It is used for the status signal in microprocessor.
ALE(Airthmetic Latch Enable):-This signal is used to capture the lower address presented on multiplexed address and data bus.
RD:-This is active low input generally
used for reading operation.
WR:-This is active low input used for writing operation.
IO/M:-This pin is used to select the memory or input-output through which we want to communicate the data.
READY:-As we know that memory and input -output have slower response than microprocessor. So a microprocessor may now be able to handle further data till it completes the present job. So it is in waiting state. As it completes the present job it sets the READY pin. Microprocessor enters into wait state while READY pin is disabled.
RESET IN:-This is active low input. This pin is used to reset the microprocessor. An active low signal applied to this pin reset the program counter inside the microprocessor. The busses are tristated.
RESETOUT:-If we want to reset the external devices connected to the microprocessor then a signal applied to this pin resets the external devices.
DMA Request Signal:
HOLD and HLDA:-HOLD is an active high input signal used by the other controller to request microprocessor about use of address, data and control signal. The HOLD and HLDA signal are used for direct memory access(DMA). DMA controller receives a requests from a device and in turn issues the HOLD signal to the microprocessor.
The processor releases the system bus and then acknowledges the HOLD signal with HLDA signal. The DMA transfer thus begins.
